铝粉对钒钛磁铁精矿碳热还原及熔分过程的影响

研究了铝粉对钒钛磁铁精矿碳热还原及熔分过程的影响。结果表明：添加铝粉能提高钒钛磁铁精矿碳热还原反应速率。铝粉添加量越大,还原反应越快。在还原反应过程中,铝热还原反应的发生放出了大量热量,并在其反应界面周围形成局部高温,从而强化碳热还原反应过程,同时促进新生金属铁聚集长大。添加1%铝粉可稍微改善渣金分离;当铝粉添加量大于2%时,由于TiC的生成,渣的流动性变差,渣铁分离效果恶化。     

Insights on cellulose hydrolysis in the porous structure of biomass particles using the lattice Boltzmann method

Lignocellulose biomass has been recognized as one of the most promising sources of low-cost and renewable biofuels, and its conversion into alternative fuels and valuable platform molecules has attracted widespread attention. The porous solid residue from lignocellulose biomass, which was pretreated by steam-stripping, is catalyzed by dilute sulfuric acid to form levulinic acid (LA). The process includes porous media diffusion, multicomponent reactive transport, liquid-solid interface reaction, and cellulose dissolution. Understanding the interactions between these complex physicochemical processes is the basis for optimizing the performance of the hydrolysis reaction. In this study, a porous reaction transport model based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was established to simulate the conversion of cellulose to LA which was catalyzed by dilute acid. The simulation results were compared with the existing experimental results to verify the accuracy of the model. The simulation results showed that temperature has a significant effect on hydrolysis and the highest carbon yield was obtained at 180 °C. Without considering the lignin reaction, the higher the sulfuric acid concentration, the better is the hydrolysis efficiency in the range of 4% – 8%. The influence of cellulose content and steam-stripping the residue porosity on the dissolution rate of cellulose was also evaluated. The average dissolution rate of cellulose is the highest within 75 min, when the porosity is 0.7 and the cellulose content is 50%.     

岩溶区多软弱层复合边坡变形破坏机制分析

岩溶和软弱层的存在对边坡稳定性有重大影响。为了揭示岩溶作用下复合边坡失稳机制,本文以富含岩溶区某变电站场区复合边坡为研究对象,通过三维地质建模技术对钻孔数据进行处理,从而准确获取多软弱岩层界面位置以及坡体内岩溶状态。结合AutoCAD软件生成拟研究边坡地质剖面,通过ABAQUS模拟软件与AutoCAD数据接口将典型地质剖面图导入有限元数值模拟软件中,从而构建含岩溶复合边坡数值模型。采用强度折减法分别分析了复合边坡在不含岩溶时、岩溶无充填时、岩溶被黏土充填时的失稳特征。模拟结果表明：多软弱层复合边坡岩层界面对坡体的稳定有决定性作用,坡体滑移破裂均源于岩层界面处,坡体沿岩层分界面剪切滑移贯通成圆弧状潜在破裂面。岩溶对边坡的影响主要由沉降变形引起,岩溶沉降较大时,边坡呈现垮塌为主和岩层界面剪切滑移为辅的破裂形式。理论上,在某些特定情况下,坡体内岩溶对边坡稳定性有积极作用。该研究结果对于指导含岩溶复合边坡防护设计具有重要意义。     

GDI发动机与涡轮增压器匹配性能

涡轮增压系统决定了发动机的进气能力,严重影响整机燃烧性能。为优化汽油缸内直喷（GDI）发动机的热效率,利用GT-Power软件搭建了一维仿真计算模型,并基于试验数据完成模型标定。通过热力学仿真计算,分析了不同增压系统对发动机动力性、经济性的影响。研究结果表明：采用定压增压结构,能减少泵气损失,提高发动机在高速工况时的热效率。但其低速性能较差,不满足车用发动机对低速转矩特性的要求。采用脉冲增压结构能有效改善发动机扫气,低速时压气机喘振裕度大。为解决脉冲增压结构高速工况涡端效率较低的问题,扩宽了涡前流道并使用大流量涡轮机方案,使泵气损失明显减少,最大功率点比油耗降低了11.7 g/kWh。证明该措施有效提高了汽油机性能,满足开发需求。     

诱导轮液氧空化热力学效应数值计算研究

为了研究低温介质诱导轮空化热力学效应,采用FBM湍流模型和基于热力学修正的Kubota空化模型,针对常温水和液氧两种介质的诱导轮空化性能进行了数值计算研究.对比数值预测的常温水介质诱导轮扬程性能与实验结果,验证了数值方法的准确性.计算结果表明,相对于常温水,液氧诱导轮的空化受到了抑制.在液氧空化区域液相和汽相发生了强烈的热量交换,使得局部温度下降,进而导致当地饱和蒸气压下降,抑制了空化的发展.针对不同温度下的液氧,提出了一种诱导轮低温空化特性理论预测方法,基于两种温度下诱导轮空化特性曲线预测其他温度的空化特性.理论预测与数值计算结果吻合较好,验证了该理论预测方法的准确性.      

基于遗传算法的船舶舱室通道布局联动优化

针对舱室与通道联动优化问题,将舱室与通道布局联合考虑,将舱室和通道位置序列作为设计变量,舱室间邻接强度和流通强度的加权作为目标函数,舱室通道面积和通道位置作为约束条件,采用遗传算法对舱室和通道布局进行联动优化.在计算舱室间最短距离时采用Dijkstra算法.以船舶生活区舱段为算例进行对比验证,分别进行通道位置参与布局设计的舱室通道布局联动优化、通道位置不参与设计的舱室布局优化.算例结果表明,本文提出的联动优化方法具有可行性,对比结果显示联动优化更具优越性.     

通过原位双次扫描法降低激光增材制造的多孔Ti6Al4V合金内应力

Selective laser melting (SLM) technology plays an important role in the preparation of porous titanium (Ti) implants with complex structures and precise sizes. Unfortunately, the processing characteristics of this technology, which include rapid melting and solidification, lead to products with high residual stress. Herein, an in situ method was developed to restrain the residual stress and improve the mechanical strength of porous Ti alloys during laser additive manufacturing. In brief, porous Ti6Al4V was prepared by an SLM three-dimensional (3D) printer equipped with a double laser system that could rescan each layer immediately after solidification of the molten powder, thus reducing the temperature gradient and avoiding rapid melting and cooling. Results indicated that double scanning can provide stronger bonding conditions for the honeycomb structure and improve the yield strength and elastic modulus of the alloy. Rescanning with an energy density of 75% resulted in 33.5%–38.0% reductions in residual stress. The porosities of double-scanned specimens were 2%–4% lower than those of single-scanned specimens, and the differences noted increased with increasing sheet thickness. The rescanning laser power should be reduced during the preparation of porous Ti with thick cell walls to ensure dimensional accuracy.     

PDP放电特性二维流体数值模拟的加速方法

针对PDP气体放电的流体模型,采用指数方法(Scharfetter-Gummel)和电场半隐格式对新型荫罩式PDP显示单元结构的放电过程进行数值模拟.研究时间步长和空间网格大小的变化对模拟结果的影响和对计算速度的改进,结果表明利用半隐格式求解电场可以大大提高时间步长,同时可以在电场变化不显著的方向上粗分网格,从而达到既保证计算精度又提高计算速度的目的.针对新型荫罩式PDP显示单元结构的实例计算结果表明,使用半隐格式求解电场可使计算速度提高80倍左右.同时根据放电单元的结构和放电空间的电场分布,在电场变化不显著的方向粗分网格从5 μm增大到20 μm,可使计算时间比原来减少80%左右.     

脲醛树脂包膜缓释氮肥的制备及缓释性研究

脲醛树脂可作为缓释氮肥的包膜材料.这种膜是经过缩合聚合过程得到的相对分子质量不同的线性或支链型树脂,具有明显缓释作用.通过浸泡试验,可以得出这种树脂膜的缓释速度,定量地检验出这种膜的缓释效果.     

具有递增斜率的分段线性规划的解法

本文提出了一种工程实际中广泛存在的目标函数具有递增斜率的分段线性规划问题,分析了这种问题的特点,给出了一种快速的求解方法,并用算例证明了它的有效性。